Pregnant Oral and Maxillofacial Patient - Catch 22 Situation

Neuroendocrine changes play a vital role in systemic alterations of gestation and are critical in directing fetal growth and development. The duration of the average pregnancy is approximately symptoms 275 days which is divided into 3 trimesters. The clinical symptoms in the first trimester are cessation of the menstrual flow, nausea, vomiting and breast enlargement [6]. There is also a tendency towards postural hypotension, fatigue and syncope [2]. The successful implantation organogenesis begins and continues for the following 60 gestational days. During this period, the embryo is highly sensitive to exogenous insults and may undergo major morphological changes. In the second trimester, abdominal enlargement becomes increasingly noticeable due to enlargement of the uterus. The uterine dimension in a non-pregnant and pregnant state reveals a solid organ of 50 to 70 g expanding to reach 800 to 1200 g at term. In the second trimester the fetus becomes less sensitive to morphological alterations, but changes in functional capacity such as intellect, reproduction, or aging may occur. During the third trimester, breast and abdominal enlargement, fetal movement and heart sound are pronounced; the fetus is more prone to trans-placental carcinogens. In the final days of gestation, labor begins by painful contractions. The uterus contracts throughout pregnancy; however these contractions are irregular in timing and intensity and are totally painless. The contractions appear 2 to 3 min and last approximately 1 min. The active phase of labor begins with intense increase and frequent painful contractions with 3 to 4 cm cervical dilation [2].